Roman Defintions - Test 2

Tiberius
The child of Livia (wife of augustus). Not Augustus' son. Only heir.
Four pillars of Principate
People, Equestrians, Senate, Army
all make up the:
Tiberius
First emperor in the Julio-Claudian era. Designated as heir by Augustus Caesar at age 52, because Augustus didn't have any male kids. Starts well and then goes insane. Retires to Capri in his "Pleasure Palace". Not deified, not liked. "To the Tiber with ______"
Caligula
Nickname means 'Little Boots'. Son of Germanicus. First emperor to be proclaimed by the Pratorian Guard, a bad precedent. Starts the long tradition of paying the guard off.
Caligula
Declared war on the english channel. Made privileged women hookers. Started treason trials up again, and killed by praetorian guard (same folks how got him in the first place)
Druscilla
Favourite sister of Caligula. He wanted to marry her and make her a goddess.
Claudius
Old uncle of Caligula. Weak spirit, and easily controllable. A physical wreck but a great scholar. Unlucky in love, but very good at ruling.
Messalina
Wife of Claudius. Descendant of Augustus, bathed in donkey's milk. Married her lover, and was exiled after her rather public honeymoon.
Agrippina
Sister of Caligula. Mother of Nero. Married Claudius to position her son Nero to be emperor. Was a very nasty lady. Poisions Caludius so that her son could become Emporer sooner.
Nero
Son of Agrippina. Originally popular. Very artsy. Marries Octavia. Has mother put to death, and marries Poppea. Becomes a
Nero
Emporer at the time of the great fire of Rome, and was absent during it.
Nero
Emperor who went out at night in masked attire and assaulted people.
Nero
Last Judio-Claudian Emperor, has no heir and is followed by civil war.
forum
the Roman equivalent of a Mall. A public place of libraries, triumphs, and festivals.
Campus Martius
A public military exercise field
triclinium
Dining room where 'cena' or dinner was eaten.
Capri
One of the best beaches. Like the miami of Rome. In the south of the peninsula
thermae
Very popular baths. Like a pool, sauna, spa where people go for recreation and social interaction
circus
Chariot racing, long tracks with a spine in the center. Usually 7 lap races
Circus Maximus
The largest race course, about 550 meters and could hold about 250,000
amphitheatre
The large oval stadium type arena where animal, human and otherwise fighting ensued.
odeons
Small builing used for theater, dramatic productions, and pantomimes. Like music halls and theater of our time.
Wheat
Replaced porridge in the 2nd Century BC, after Egypt and other growing lands had been conquered.
Apicius
Author of a cook book of recipies, including Anchovy and Chicken meals.
cena
The dinner meal of day, eaten in the dining room (triclinium)
triclinium
Dining room where 'cena' or dinner was eaten.
Vomitarium
A big brass bucket, used for purging. You throw up into this mid-meal so that you have room for the rest of the meal.
sarcophagus
large stone coffin with lid, decorated with reliefs. Size and occurance of this depends on wealth of the person. Much like caskets today.
mausoleum
The tomb building. Somtimes arranges in streets ("necropolis").
necropolis
A collection of tomb buildings, often arranged into 'streets'.
funeral pyre
Prossession burned with the deceased
amphora
A ceramin vase with two semetric handles and a long neck, often decorated with images
Numismatics
The scientific study of currency
Julius Caesar
Dictator for 10 years. In 46 BC. Killed by Brutus and Cassius. Marc Antony is heir apparent. Rome is now an empire.
Octavian
Caesars' favourite nephew. Changes his name to Gauis Julius Caesar. Adopted by Julius Caesar in his will. Demands power from Marc Antony.
Octavian
Plays the senate and current Emperor into giving him power, thinking that he is young and easily controllable. People love him as Caesar's rightful heir.
Marc Antony
The heir apparent after Caesar died. Politically clumsy, a hedonist and really much more a general than an Emperor. Short reign.
2nd Triumvirate
43 BC. Octavian, Lepidus, and Marc Antony. Octavian gets Rome, Marc Antony Asia/Egypt, and Lepidus Egypt.
Octavia
Octavians Sister, marries Marc Antony to cement political alliances.
Cleopatra
Once a mistress of Julius Caesar, also of Marc Antony. Controls both and eventually gets Antony to give her and her sons many parts of the eastern Roman empire.
Lepidus
Member of the 2nd Triumverate, given control over northen Egypt. Eventually tries to re-invade Sicily and the Italian peninsula, but his army defects to Octavian.
Octavian
Member of the 2nd Triumverate, given control over Rome
Marc Antony
Member of the 2nd Triumverate, given control over eastern Roman empire, including egypt.
Octavia
Brings money and troops to her husband in Egypt, only to be divorced and sent home.
Battle of Actium
The name of a battle in the medditeranian involving Octavian and Marc Antony/Cleopatra. Octavian prevails and Cleopatra/Antony commit suicide Rome/Juliet style. Results in Egptian Roman province
Octavian
This emporer, in 27BC has settled most of the internal and external conflicts of Rome including Egypt. Instead of retiring, he gives the illusion of giving all his power back to the Senate. They in turn reward him with more.
Pontifex Maximus
The high preist of Rome. Most important position in Roman religion.
Numismatics
The scientific study of currency
Imperator
A title given to you to commemorate each of your great victories, or victories of general below you
Princeps
Roman word for "First Citizen". Servant of the people.
Rex
Roman word for King
Principate
In the same word family as Princeps. Means "The rule of the first Citizen"
Pax Romana
"The Roman Peace". A time when Rome didn't have any civil war or crisis. Temple of Mars (god of War) was closed.
Livia
Wife of Augustus Ceasar Octavian. His best friend, devoted wife and mother. Ruled like a co-emperor.
Julia
Only child of Augustus Caesar. Rebells and is exilied for adultery.
columbarium
Undergound chamber with niches for urns. Catacombs of Rome
collegium
Freed slaves and poor payed dues to this body, which in turn provided funerals and banquets for members. Often these groups were associated with a specific trade
Year of Four Emperors
69AD, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian were all emperors together in:
Emperors
This group of emperors succeeded Nero. Mainly spanish and portugese
Titus
Opened the colliseum
Galba
First Flavian Emperor, too old mean and cheap
Otho
Friend of Nero, overthrew Galba
Vitellius
Declared emperor by legions, but didnt want the job
Vespasian
marches Rome from east, kill Otho. Blunt, honest, reformer. Mans Man
Vespasian
Began the colliseum
Vespasian
re-established the army, and funded it by stabilizing the economy.
Vespasian
"Ut puto deus fio", the last words of this emperor mean "I think I'm becoming a God"
Numismatics
The scientific study of currency
Imperator
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters IMP stand for
Caesar
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters CAES stand for
Emperor
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters following CAES stand for
Augustus
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters AUG stand for
Pontifex Maximus
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters PM stand for
Tribunician Power
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters TRP stand for
Pater Patriae
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters PP stand for
Consul
In IMPCAESVESPASIANAUGPMTRPPPCOSIII the letters COS stand for
Pater Patriae
Father of the country
Titus
Successor to Vespasian. Heir apparent, and eldest son. People loved him, and was a good general
Titus
When he died, he was deified, and an arch was built in his honour "Arch of _____"
Titus
He was slow to respond to the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, and ended the Jewish revold, destroying temple of Solomon
Mt Vesuvius
This Mt Erupted in 70AD and buried much of Pompeii and Herculaneum
Domitian
Younger brother of Titus, son of Vespasian. Nasty murderous man. Murdered by Praetorian Guard. End of Flavian line
senatorial
this type of province was goverend by a proconsul. Had right to control army, usually miliatry/senator. More established provinces.
Imperial
this type of province was goverened by an equestrian "legat". Wilder in nature, and hand picked legate leader
Emperor
this type of province was on a crutial frontier. and was usually under control of the emperor
Rescript
"The emperors reply" to questions about what to do about christians
Cursus Publicus
The Inperial Postal Service
Emperor
this type of province was on a crutial frontier. and was usually under control of the emperor
Emperor
this type of province was on a crutial frontier. and was usually under control of the emperor
duovirs
These local magistrates were Judges and census
duovirs
These local magistrates were in charge of works and festivals
quaestors
These local magistrates were in charge of finances
procurator
Looked after the emperors land, palaces, and miliary bases. "Seuper questor" Handles finances and keeps Governor in check (no corruption)
colonia
Colony of roman citizens
Severus
First North African / Black emperor
Severan
This dynasty was a line of emperors from north africa. The first black emperors of Rome.
Severus
restored Alimentia, showed cosmopolitan nature of Roman empire.
Severan
Serverus, Macrinus, Elagabalus, are all emperors from the ____ dynasty
Alexander
_____ Serverus was the last of the Severan dynasty. Bribes Germans to withdraw, army revolts, over-run by Maximus
Hippocratic corpus
Collection of early medical works. Written by Hippocrates.
Celsus
Wrote latin medical textbooks, promoted a reliance on drugs.
Jaundice
Drink ashes of deers antlers, first manure of foal diluted with wine were cures for:
Cloaca Maxima
Main Sewer system of Rome
25
Average daily work for workers in the Cloaca Maxima (Main sewer)
urban plebs
The Mob. Idle work force, hired as day labourers.
taberna
A storefront, or shop front of a family trade. Sometimes a freedperson to sleep
tabernae
Barmaid, or cook hostess
curatores viarum
local officials in charge or roads
Via
Roman for Road
mansiones
Inns run by the state
diploma
Permit to use the Imperial Post system
cisium
Two wheeled heavy cart. Equivalent of modern day transport trucks
Alexandria
Main port of Egypt. Grain freighters sailed from here to Rome
Annona
Roman for Grain Supply
Amphoras
Clay shipping containers
Ostia
Rome's Sea port at the mouth of the Tiber river
Rhine
The main river in Germany / Gaul
terra sigillata
Red Glass potery, very popular in the roman empire
Appian Way
The oldest road from Rome to Capua. Built to move troops quickly. 132 miles long, and designed for Speed. Had good pontial for trade after the war.

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